ISSN 2520-6265 (print)
ISSN 2520-6273 (online)
Author:
Yu. М. Shwalb, DSc. in Psychology,
Professor in the Department of Social Work, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
ORCID: 0000-0001-9110-3651
E-mail: shwalb2012@ukr.net
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/upj.2024.2(22).10
Article Information
Issue: 2(22) 2024, pages: 168-183
Language: English
Received: 01.11.2024
1st Revision: 04.11.2024
Accepted: 06.11.2024
The article analyzes internal motivation of volunteering as a form of implementation of an individual's social interests in community through prosocial activities. In the tradition of analyzing the internal motivation for volunteering, it is possible to single out at least two heterogeneous areas of study: focus on motives of help and focus on motives for volunteering. At the same time, the problem of motives for help is examined through the opposition of altruism/ egoism, and the motives for volunteering are viewed through the opposition of help as a situational spontaneous act/ volunteering as a continuous activity. However, these two contexts of analysis are united by the problematization of selflessness as a direct motive for help; at the level of activity, selflessness becomes an essential feature of volunteering. At the same time, such problematization is not sufficient to provide a theoretical basis for analysis of social-work specialists' work in community in order to involve people in volunteering as a form of implementation of their social interests. Instead, a more complete basis for the analysis can be provided if we take into account a volunteering object, which means another activity and there is a need for help to achieve the goal of this activity. Thus, selflessness indicate the way volunteering is carried out by its provider; and the conditions of the activity which the aid is directed to indicate these conditions as volunteering topic; additionally, the activity goal correlate with motives for volunteering. In this way, the goal of SWS work, namely, to organize support for implementation of an individual's social interests in community coincides with purpose of people involved in prosocial activities, because it promotes awareness of their social interests, and therefore, interest formation, and in sum, creates conditions for subjective well-being.
Key words: altruism, selflessness, volunteering, community, motives for helping, prosocial activity, social well-being, social interest, social work.
References transliterated:
Clary, E., Snyder, M., & Stukas, A. (1996). Volunteers motivations: Findings from a national survey. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 25, 485–505.
Cnaan, R. A., Handy, F., & Wadsworth, M. (1996). Defining who is a volunteer: conceptual and empirical considerations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 25, 364–383.
Cnaan, R. A., Handy, F. (2005). Towards understanding episodic volunteering. Vrijwillige Inzet Onderzocht [Voluntary Effort Studied], 2(1), 29–35.
Deeming, C. (2013). Addressing the Social Determinants of Subjective Wellbeing: The Latest Challenge for Social. Journal of Social Policy, 42, 3, 541–565.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. E. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302.
Diener, Е. (2013). The Remarkable Changes in the Science of Subjective Well-Being. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6), 663–666.
Dodge, R., Daly, A. P., Huyton, J., & Sanders, L. (2012). The challenges of defining wellbeing. International journal of wellbeing, 2(3), 222–235.
Dunn, J., Chambers, S. K., & Hyde, M. K. (2015). Systematic review of motives for episodic volunteering. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organization, 27, 425–464.
Fellin, P. (2001). The community and the social worker (3rd ed.). Itasca, IL : F. E. Peacock.
Gallagher, M. W., Lopez, S. J., & Preacher, K. J. (2009). The hierarchical structure of well‐being. Journal of personality, 77(4), 1025–1050.
Ginsberg, L. (1998). Social work in rural communities (3rd ed.). Alexandria, VA : Council on Social Work Education.
Hayton, J. W. (2016) Plotting the motivation of student volunteers in sports-based outreach work in the North East of England. Sport Management Review, 19, 5, 563–577.
Losco, J. (1986). Understanding altruism: A critique and proposal for integrating various approaches. Political Psychology, 7(2), 323–348.
Phillips, M. (1984). Motivation and expectation in successful volunteeris. Voluntarism and social work practice: A growing collaboration, 139–147.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of eudaimonic well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727.
Simsa, R., Rameder, P., Aghamanoukjan, A., & Totter, M. (2019). Spontaneous volunteering in social crises: Self-organization and coordination. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 48(2), 103–122.
Snyder, M., & Omoto, A. (2008). Volunteerism: social issues perspectives and social policy implications. Soc Issues Policy Rev, 2 (1), 1–36.
Shapiro, Y., & Gabbard, G. (1994). A reconsideration of altruism from an evolutionary and psychodynamic perspective. Ethics & Behavior, 4(1), 23–42.
Veenhoven, R. (2008). Sociological Theories of Subjective Well-Being. The Science of Subjective Well-Being, 44–61.
Arshava, I., & Nosenko, D. (2012). Subiektyvne blahopoluchchia i yoho indyvidualno-psykholohichni ta osobystisni koreliaty [Subjective well-being and its individual psychological and personal correlates]. Visnyk Dnipropetrovskoho universytetu. Seriia: Pedahohika i psykholohiia, 20(18), 3–9. [in Ukrainian].
Bevzenko, L. (2010). Modernizatsiyni protsesy i sotsialni interesy ukrayintsiv: metodolohichni problemy doslidzhennya [Modernization processes and social interests of Ukrainians: methodological problems of research]. Sotsialni vymiry suspilstva, 2, 31–43. [in Ukrainian].
Bezpalko, O. (2005). Sotsialna robota v hromadi [Social work in the community]. Kyiv : Tsentr navchalnoyi literatury. [in Ukrainian].
Biespalova, K. (2012). Motyvatsiini aspekty volonterstva: dosvid zakhidnykh krain [Motivational aspects of volunteering: the experience of Western countries]. Visnyk NTUU "KPI". Politolohiia. Sotsiolohiia. Pravo, 3(15), 67–71. [in Ukrainian].
Borysova, A. (2019). Sotsialno-psykholohichni zasady funktsionuvannia simуi v hromadi [Socio-psychological principles of family functioning in a community]. Aktualni problem psykholohii, VII, 48, 27–34. [in Ukrainian].
Butenko N. V. (2018). Struktura simeinykh uiavlen pro dytiachu invalidnist [Family structure for disabled children]. Aktualni problemy psykholohii, VII, 45, 28–39. [in Ukrainian].
Vainilovych, N. (2012). Chynnyky formuvannia motyvatsii liudyny do zdiisnennia volonterskoi diialnosti [The factors of forming the person's motivation for volunteer activity]. Visnyk NTUU "KPI". Politolohiia. Sotsiolohiia. Pravo, 2(14), 53–59. [in Ukrainian].
Danylchenko, T. V. (2017). Psykholohichna struktura sotsialnoho blahopoluchchia ta neblahopoluchchia [Psychological structure of social well-being and unhappiness]. Ukrainskyi psykholohichnyi zhurnal, 2(4), 7–22. [in Ukrainian].
Dyachuk, O. (2016). Indyvidualne blahopoluchchya yak obyekt sotsiolohichnykh doslidzhen [Individual well-being as an object of sociological research]. Visnyk NTUU «KPI» Politolohiya. Sotsiolohiya. Pravo, 3/4(31/32), 75–81. [in Ukrainian].
Karhina, N. (2015). Osnovni pidkhody do vyvchennya psykholohichnoho blahopoluchchya osobystosti: teoretychnyy aspekt [Main approaches to studying psychological well-being of an individual: theoretical aspect]. Nauka i osvita: nauk.-prakt. zhurnal, 3, 48–55. [in Ukrainian].
Kyrylenko, O. (2016). Blahopoluchchya lyudey yak obyekt sotsiolohichnykh doslidzhen: felitsytarnyy pidkhid [Human well-being as an object of sociological research: a felicitary approach]. Visnyk NU «Yurydychna akademiya Ukrayiny imeni Yaroslava Mudroho». Seriya: Sotsiolohiya, 3(30), 18–33. [in Ukrainian].
Koval, H. (2017). Volonterstvo yak skladnyy sotsialno-psykholohichnyy fenomen [Volunteering as a complex socio-psychological phenomenon.]. Tekhnolohiyi rozvytku intelektu, 2, 6(17). [in Ukrainian].
Kravchenko, O. (2022). Sotsialna robota v hromadi v umovakh viyny [Social work in the community in wartime]. Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy, 1(42), 63–70. [in Ukrainian].
Liakh, T. (2012) Motyvatsiia do volonterskoi diialnosti [Motivation for volunteering]. Visnyk LNU imeni T. Shevchenka. Pedahohichni nauky, 22(8), 84–91. [in Ukrainian].
Martynyuk, I., & Sobolyeva, N. (2009). Sotsialnii interesy: perspektyvy sotsiolohichnoho doslidzhennya [Social interests: perspectives of sociological research]. Sotsialni vymiry suspilstva, 1(12), 64–76. [in Ukrainian].
Martynyuk, I., & Aleksandrov, N. D. (2007). Protosotsiolohichna tradytsiya u stanovlenni katehoriyi «interes» [Proto-sociological tradition in the formation of the category «interest»]. Sotsiolohiya: teoriya, metody, marketynh, 4, 64–76. [in Ukrainian].
Matviyenko L., & Aleksejchenko K. (2016). Osobystis volontera u psyxolohichnomu vymiri [The personality of a volunteer in the psychological dimension] Rynok praci ta zajnyatis naselennya, 1, 55–59. [in Ukrainian].
Melnyk, I. (2011). Prosotsialna povedinka yak psykholohichna katehoriia teoretychnoho analizu [Prosocial behavior as a psychological category of theoretical analysis]. Osvita rehionu: politolohiia, psykholohiia, komunikatsii, 2, 165–170. [in Ukrainian].
Pavlenko, O. (2015). Formuvannia zhyttievoi perspektyvy v sytuatsii nevyznachenosti [Forming a hopeful perspective in a situation of uncertainty]. Aktualni problemy psykholohii, VII, 39, 232–241. [in Ukrainian].
Polivko, L. (2015). Sytuatsiia uspikhu pry vkliuchenni dytyny z osoblyvymy potrebamy v zahalno osvitnii prostir [Situation of failure when including children with special needs in general education spaces]. Aktualni problemy psykholohii, VII, 40, 116–124. [in Ukrainian].
Slozanska, H., (2018). Sotsialna robota v terytorialniy hromadi: teoriyi, modeli ta metody: monohrafiya [Social work in the territorial community: theories, models and methods: monograph]. Ternopil : TNPU imeni V. Hnatyuka. [in Ukrainian].
Spitsyna, L., & Koval, H. (2018). Sotsialno-psykholohichni aspekty motyvatsiyi volonterskoyi dopomohy [Socio-psychological aspects of volunteering motivation]. Naukovi studiyi iz sotsialnoyi ta politychnoyi pykholohiyi, 41(44). 57–67. [in Ukrainian].
Tykhonovych, V., (2010). Sotsialni interesy v dynamitsi sotsialnoho prostoru [Social interests in the dynamics of social space]. Ukrayinskyy sotsium, 2, 80–92. [in Ukrainian].
Shvalb, YU. (2022). Sotsialne blahopoluchchya yak meta diyalnosti fakhivtsya sotsialnoyi roboty u hromadi [Social well-being as the goal of the social work specialist in the community]. Visnyk KNU im. T. Shevchenka. Seriya: Sotsialʹna robota, 1, 62–68. [in Ukrainian].
Shvalb, YU. (2020). Ekolohiya zhyttyevoho prostoru lyudyny [Ecology of human living space]. Kyiv : Instytut psykholohiyi imeni H.S.Kostyuka NAPN Ukrayiny. [in Ukrainian].
Yurchynska, H., & Krutsyuk, O. (2017). Volonterska diyalnist: sut i psykholohichni determinant [Volunteer activity: essence and psychological determinants]. Ukrayinskyy psykholohichnyy zhurnal, 2, 188–204. [in Ukrainian].
Yurchynska, H., & Krutsyuk, O. (2018). Vzayemozvyazok zhyttyestiykosti osobystosti volontera ta yoho motyvatsiyi [The relationship between the vitality of the volunteer's personality and his motivation]. Ukrayinskyy psykholohichnyy zhurnal, 2, 163–179. [in Ukrainian].